Türkiye(Republic of Türkiye)

Stop signs say DUR, and one-way signs say TEK YÖN.

Bollards are thin, with a red reflector on only one side.

Sign posts often have many small holes drilled through them, with the other side visible through them.

Spool-shaped (🧵) tiles are often laid on sidewalks and similar areas.

Signs are in Turkish, distinguished by the letters Ç, Ş, Ğ, İ, Ö, Ü, and the dot above letters like Ü. The country's name, Türkiye, also uses Ü.

"Sokak" is Turkish for street.

Chevrons are usually red and white, distinguished by a gap at the point of the arrow. Some aren't red and white, but the sign post or the gap at the tip should still identify the country. Orange-and-black signs are also common on median strips.

There are several utility pole shapes typical of Turkey. Different but similar shapes exist, as does a hook-shaped one that could pass for Bulgaria.

Türk Telekom manhole covers are found on roads, and "telefon" (Turkish for telephone) also appears.

Route numbers can be read off kilometer markers.

A Köppen climate classification map.

If steep slopes running down to the sea are densely covered with low, multi-stemmed shrubs, that's a hazelnut orchard on the Black Sea coast. They're especially common in Ordu province, and also found in Giresun and Trabzon to the east and Samsun to the west.

If steep slopes facing the Black Sea are terraced and covered in trimmed, bright green shrubs, that's a tea plantation. It's centred on Rize province on the eastern Black Sea coast, and neighbouring Trabzon and Artvin provinces also produce it.

If low-spreading deciduous fruit orchards fill an entire valley, and in summer orange fruit is spread out on the ground to dry in the sun, that's apricots in Malatya province. About 80% of the world's dried apricots come from here.

If squat shrubs are spaced out across a dry, rocky slope, that's a pistachio orchard. Gaziantep province is the centre of production, and Şanlıurfa province and others are also growing areas. In Turkish, pistachio is called "the nut of Antep."

Plastic greenhouses are common along the southern coast. On the outskirts of Antalya, there are roads lined with greenhouses on both sides. Antalya province has the most, followed by Mersin and Adana.

• Mersin
• Antalya

Corn is common along the Mediterranean side (Adana, etc.) and in the southern part of Southeast Anatolia. The northern Black Sea side has little.

Cotton growing is centered on Southeast Anatolia (Şanlıurfa, etc.) in the south, and is also common on the western Aegean side (around Aydın).

Sunflowers are more common around Konya and on the Greek side.

If gray-green olive trees line a slope, that's the Aegean side (Manisa, Aydın, etc.).

If cone-shaped rock formations (fairy chimneys) stand in rows, with square holes carved into the soft rock face, that's Cappadocia. It's centred on Nevşehir province.

If a pure white plain stretches to the horizon, with any water on it very shallow, that's Lake Tuz, a salt lake in Central Anatolia. When it dries out in summer, a layer of salt appears.

If nearly treeless highland grassland continues on with distant snow-capped mountains and sparse settlements, that's Eastern Anatolia. It has a harsh continental climate with an average elevation of 2,200m, and a low population density.

Trash bins sometimes have the name of a local administrative district or city written on them. In "●× BELEDiYESi," the ●× part is the place name.

• Gökçeada (a district on an outlying island)
• Arsuz
• Nevşehir
• Cizre

Street name signs differ by city. Konya's signs need to be checked by the difference in the circular emblem at the top.

Street name signs differ by city. Ankara's street name signs come in two types, blue and red.